主谓一致
2.主谓一致
此类考题灵活性大,需要根据实际情况判断谓语动词的单复数形式。一般来说,具有生命意义的集合名词做主语时谓语动词多用复数形式,用AND
连接的成分表示单一概念时谓语动词用单数;就近原则;主语含有某些连词时,谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致。
1.集体名词做主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致
如集体名词在句中意指整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如在句中意指其具体成员,谓语动词用复数形式。这类集体名词包括:army,audience,class,committee,crowd,crew,couple,family
group,staff,team,publiC,cabinet,band等。如:
The population of
the earth is increasing very fast.
One third of the
population here are farmers.
The public has every reason
to be cautious of professional deception.
The public now
know the whole story.
2.学科名称和疾病名称做主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致
某些学科名称和疾病名称虽词尾加s的形式,但这些词做主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。这些词包括:electronics(电子学),mechanics(力学),classics(古典文学),linguistics(语言学),economics(经济学),statistics(统计学),physics(物理学),mathematics(数学)等。如:
Electronics is a piece of cake to him.
Quantum
mechanics(量子力学)supplies methods for calculating the results of experiments in
all those
realms。
3.表示书名、报刊名、剧名、国名等的名词或词组做主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致
表示书名、报刊名、剧名、国名等的名词(或词组)做主语时,如只指一种、一本或一个,不论其形式是单数还是复数,谓语动词只用单数形式。如:
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Was written by the famous American humorist
Mark Twain.
The New York Times is not available
here.
The United States Was founded in
1776.
4.单复数同形的名词做主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致
单复数同形的名词做主语时,要根据句子意思来确定谓语动词的单复数形式,单复数.同形的名词包括:aircraft,deer,sheep,means,species,series,works,crossroads,headquaters等。如:
Various means of transport are in troduced in this
article.
5.表示时间、距离、度量、价值的复数名词做主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致这些复数名词,如表示抽象概念,被视作一整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;如表示具体的多少,强调复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Ten minutes is all that I can spare for you.
Six thousand
dollars is a large sum of money to her.
The
nhymileswerecoveredbythewinner in threehours.
6.由with,as well
as等词或词组修饰的单数名词做主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致.
如做主语的单数名词后有下列词或词组修饰时,谓语动词仍用单数形式:with,along
with,together with,besides,as well as,in addition to,accompanied by,rather
than,but等。如:
The teacher as well as the students likes
this novel.
A scientist,together with some assistants,was
sent to help so1ve that problem.
The boss,rather than his
employees,is to blame.
7.and连接的两个名词做主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致
一般情况下,and连接的两个名词做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。但有时候,and连接的两个名词意指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
如果两个名词只有一个限定词或无限定词修饰时,它们通常表示一个概念;如果两个名词分别有两个限定词修饰时,它们往往表示两个不同的概念。另外,如果and连接的两个单数名词均有each,every,many,a等词修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
War and peace is a constant theme in history.
The wear and
tear on the machine is obvious.
The secretary and manager
was present at the
meeting.
8.连词or等连接两个名词(或代词)做主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致
连词or,either...or..•,neither...nor...,not only...but
also...连接两个名词或代词做主语时,谓语动词必须和靠它较近的一个名词或代词取得一致,这就是就近一致原则。
如:
Either I or they are responsible for
it.
Neither your unkind words nor your unfriendly attitude
has caused me any
distress.
9.none本身做主语时或它修饰的名词或代词做主语时,如代表不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式,如代表可数名词,谓语动词既可用单数形式也可用复数形式
10.one
and a half后接的名词应是复数形式,但谓语动词用单数形式
如:One and a half years
has passed.
11.more than one后接单数可数名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,但如果more than
one本身做主语,谓语动词则用复数形式
如:John allows entering more than one
space characters continuously in the same
line.
12.eiher、neither做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
如:Neither shoe
feels comfortable.
Eiher we go now or we remain here
forever.
13.one or two后接复数名词做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式
如:My manager
let me choose one or two excellent courses。
One or
two days arejust like the next.
14.One
of后接复数名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
如:She visited one of her
Cousins.
One of the students has already taken
Latin.
15.动词不定式、动名词短语、名词性从句等做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Seeing is believing.
To
hesitate means failure.